Recommendations for performing measurements of apparent equilibrium constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for reporting the results of these measurements

• Robert N. Goldberg,
• Robert T. Giessmann,
• Peter J. Halling,
• Carsten Kettner and
• Hans V. Westerhoff

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 303–316, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.26

• . Thus, for studies involving homogeneous non-aqueous media, the water concentration is best obtained by a direct measurement, e.g., a Karl Fischer titration [20]. When there are two or more phases present, one should specify the phase in which the water concentration has been measured and whether the

Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquids

• László Orha,
• József M. Tukacs,
• László Kollár and
• László T. Mika

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2907–2913, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.284

• recorded on a Brucker Avance 250 MHz spectrometer. The water contents of the ionic liquids were determined by Karl Fischer titration performed by HANNA Instruments 904. The γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquid ([TBP][4EtOV]) was prepared as described in [34] with details presented in Supporting Information

Thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) and complexation with β-cyclodextrin

• Daniel I. Hădărugă,
• Mustafa Ünlüsayin,
• Alexandra T. Gruia,
• Cristina Birău (Mitroi),
• Gerlinde Rusu and
• Nicoleta G. Hădărugă

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 179–191, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.20

• -CD/ASO complexes. The analysis of the complexes by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Karl Fischer titration (KFT) as well as the decrease of the “strongly-retained” water content confirm the formation of the inclusion compound. Furthermore, the DSC parameters correlate

• well with the KFT kinetic data for β-CD/ASO complexes. Keywords: Atlantic salmon oil (ASO); β-cyclodextrin; differential scanning calorimetry; Karl Fischer titration; omega-3 fatty acid; thermogravimetry; Introduction Functional food products containing omega-3 supplementation are becoming more and

• methods. The β-CD/ASO complexation has been evaluated by means of thermal and Karl Fischer titration (KFT) methods. Results and Discussion FA profile of raw and degraded ASO The quality of the fish oil is strongly related to its FA profile, where PUFAs are the most important FAs. On the other hand, these

Synthesis of guanidinium–sulfonimide ion pairs: towards novel ionic liquid crystals

• Martin Butschies,
• Manuel M. Neidhardt,
• Markus Mansueto,
• Sabine Laschat and
• Stefan Tussetschläger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1093–1101, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.121

• . Compounds 4 and 5a,b are commercially available. Full characterization of compounds 1 and 8∙I is given in [38], and for compound 7∙Cl in [42]. For compounds 2b, 3a and 7∙I the following water content was determined by Karl Fischer titration: 0.38%, 0.36% and 0.13%, respectively (see Supporting Information

Solvent-free and time-efficient Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in a ball mill: the solid reagent system KF–Al₂O₃ under inspection

• Franziska Bernhardt,
• Ronald Trotzki,
• Tony Szuppa,
• Achim Stolle and
• Bernd Ondruschka

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 7, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.7

• aluminas (SRS1–3; cf. Table 2) are not as they have been expected to be. The KF-loaded aluminas differed in their residual water content (determined by Karl–Fischer-titration), because of the preparation of aluminas with KF via wet-impregnation using deionized water as solvent, which was 13.4, 18.0, 19.3

• beakers (V = 45 ml), 6 agate milling balls (d = 15 mm) per beaker, 800 rpm, 10 min; batch: 5 mmol aryl bromide, 124 mol % phenylboronic acid, 3.6 mol % Pd(OAc)2]. Dependence of the yield of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling product (Scheme 1) from water content (Karl-Fischer titration) of KF-loaded aluminas